Archive for the ‘North America’ Category
”If only I could make money at scuba diving, then I could do it all the time!”
Divers across the globe lament time and time again as they pack up their gear to return home at the end of their dive trips. Actually, many jobs involve scuba beyond the obvious occupations: dive shop owner (too costly), dive instructor (too many mask flood drills), and dive master (too many foolish people in the sea). A few positions to consider:
Federal stimulus dollar recipient – An opportunity to recoup the tax dollars you “donated” to the economy! The Northwest Marine Conservation Initiative received $4.6 million in stimulus funds to recover most of the nets on the bottom of Puget Sound, and is using the funds to hire divers to remove the ensnaring debris. Make money, scuba dive and save the environment, all at the same time. Next you can conquer world hunger…
“Whatever you do, don’t push the red button” Tester – Thousands of new scuba gear products come out each year (hopefully) well tested by their manufacturer. Become a product tester and reap the rewards of free scuba stuff! Note: demand actual currency compensation for any product testing that involves neon neoprene or gear that combusts upon incorrect button selection.
Aquarium Marriage Proposal Delivery Person – You know those viral YouTube videos shot in aquariums where a scuba diver swims up to a couple at the tank window with a “Will you marry me?” sign? Yes, that can be you (holding the sign I mean, I can’t guarantee someone wants to marry you). Other scuba responsibilities include cleaning the fake rock and avoiding being eaten by the agitated hammerhead recently introduced to the tank.
GI Joe/Jane Diver – Fulfill your James Bond fantasies (tux and martinis not included) by doing underwater surveillance for the military. Job may include the opportunity to use the latest in scuba technology (fun) and the opportunity to clear mines (not so fun). Combine your hobbies for a blast of excitement!
Now that Florida has finally gotten around to sinking the Vandenburg, their planned string of successful artificial reefs is complete. Recently I ran across an article discussing the cleanup of a failed 1970’s attempt at creating an artificial reef using that little known reef building material, used tires. I began to wonder: is all this artificial reef creation good, or are we just rationalizing our practice of throwing junk into the sea?
The available information base on artificial reefs is almost endless. But, from what I can tell, people claim four main purposes for artificial reefs:
Financial
a. “Dismantling my old boat will cost too much. Instead, I will throw it in the ocean and pretend not to notice when it sinks.”
b. “I have no reef, but I hear it generates income. Let’s get one!”
Environmental
a. “That hurricane/cruise liner/glowing green factory goo destroyed my reef. Help!”
b. “My shorefront property just became a houseboat. Where did my beach go?”
Sport
a. “Cool, dude! I need gnarly wave action for surfing.”
b. “Cool, divemaster! I need great reef action for diving.”
Accidental
a. “Oops, iceberg.”
b. “Well, that landing strip was shorter than I thought.”
And, from what I can tell, artificial reefs are made of a few different materials:
1. Manmade stuff – Wrecks, train cars, airplanes, cars, dump trucks, and the occasional toaster
2. Reef promoting materials – Rocks, odd manufactured products like reef balls
3. All else –Items placed for a purpose other than promoting reef growth, such as bulwarks and Hoffa
I now realize that the question of artificial reefs being good or bad is not straightforward. The success of the reef seems to be a combination of both the purpose and the material.
Some examples:
#1
Purpose: Mobile Bay homeowners desire Environmental shoreline protection
Materials: “All Else” flat bulwarks that actually dissuaded marine growth
Result: Got our beach back, but ruined the fish population
#2
Purpose: Surfer Dudes at Pratte’s Reef in El Segundo need waves
Materials: Reef promoting rocks
Result: The rock promptly sank into the sea floor leaving flat water and a large bill
#3
Purpose: Aruba had an extra airplane all dressed up but nowhere to fly
Materials: 60 ft long YS-11 previously owned by Air Aruba
Result: Promising evidence of coral and fish “Movin’ On Up”
So now I realize I can’t pass judgment on artificial reefs as a whole, but need to measure success individually. For every tire cleanup story there is a successful artificial reef just waiting for fish and divers to come and play.

Flipper's evil twin?
For the past several years, porpoises have been washing up dead on southern California’s shores, making everyone wonder what aquatic evil was lurking in the offshore depths. Recently, Marine Biologists captured on film the killing of yet another porpoise, this time along with its attackers: a vicious pod of…dolphins? Yes indeed, Flipper has a dark side. All those years he spent smiling on the outside masked his evolving plot of serial killings. Researchers are attributing the disturbing behavior to sxual frustration, further ruining my idea of the beautiful, friendly ocean mammal. Not only do I now have a mental picture of dolphins murdering innocent porpoises, but now I have to think of them as fish who can’t get any. Oh, the depravity! Next someone is going to tell me that Santa doesn’t exist.
Lake Tahoe, Nevada – Known for its topside winter fun, the depths of Lake Tahoe are frequently overlooked. Savvy divers know that the fun extends below the lake’s surface. Wrecks and interesting underwater rock formations provide hours of scuba entertainment. And, at 52 degrees (thanks, Strictly Scuba for that weather report!) the lake makes a great place to learn drysuit diving. And don’t say the locals lack a sense of humor – the Northern Nevada Dive Club just sponsored an underwater pumpkin carving event.
Detroit, Michigan – Winter comes quick in this northern clime, so scuba divers need to be creative to get their underwater fix. Dive companies, like Scuba Centers of Michigan, offer heated pools and an extensive list of certification classes to hone your skills. Lacking a nearby ocean, frequent quarry diving trips make everyone appreciate their next tropical vacation just a little bit more. And, dive centers put more effort into planning group trips to exotic diving locals so you don’t have to do the trip legwork – you just sign up and go diving!
Bonne Terre Mine, Missouri- Sixty miles south of St. Louis, the Bonne Terre Mine, active from 1870 to 1960, lies flooded and ready for adventurous divers. 500,000 watts of lighting illuminate the 24 dive trails that snake through the mine’s billion gallons of water (which stays a constant 58º F year round.) Divers tour natural phenomenon like calcium falls and rock pillars as well as manmade items like abandoned machinery and mining hand tools. It is such a unique experience that even Jacques Cousteau took the plunge here.
Washington State Coast – Incredible shore dives, dense kelp forests, and convenient offshore islands lure drysuit divers to this well kept secret year round. Hordes of octopi, wolf eels, rockfish, giant anemones, and seals delight divers willing to take the chilly plunge. Underwater playgrounds like Fort Casey Underwater Park and Edmonds Underwater Park are laid out for divers, using ropes and buoys to mark the “trails.” A variety of scuba shops both big and small offer divemaster-led trips or gear rental for do-it-yourselfers.

Yes, there is actually an octopus in there, sleeping (in the center...keep looking...)
There is just something…misplaceable about dive gear. When you buy various scuba gadgets you never think, now this I’m going to lose quick. But invariably it happens, that moment when you think crap, where did I put that? I personally have found that unless something is taped, glued or stapled to my immediate person, I will most likely part with said object (sometimes even faster than it took me to buy it in the first place.) There is either a peaceful heaven where all my lost gear resides or a greedy guy on e-bay profiting on my absentmindedness. In any case the following is “the lost items I miss the most” list, an electronic representation of pet posters stapled to every tree in the neighborhood. If you see any of these items, please tell them I miss them.
Lost: Epoque 0.56x Wide Angle Lens Cap
Last Seen: L’Ilot, Seychelles, floating around in the cruddy water in the boat hull
I was so excited to see the whalesharks that I flung the cap in the direction of my backpack and dove into the water with the beasts. Looks like I might have left a souvenir for the fishies. The lens has lived in a (clean) sock ever since.
Lost: One beloved, size 10, rubber soled booty
Last Seen: My garage
These hard bottomed beauties were well known for keeping the warmth in and urchin spines out. Perhaps I didn’t show this favorite footwear my true feelings and drove it to hide in the back of the cupboard with the WD-40 and the azalea fertilizer. I am still hoping this one comes back to me.
Lost: Reefmaster Dive Computer
Last Seen: South Shore, Kauai
A great example of a toy that took longer to order than it took to lose. To this day my dive (which started two years ago) is still being recorded in 10 feet of water off the beach near Sheraton Caverns. Note: when the packaging says “Ensure thorough fastening of device” they aren’t kidding.
Lost: My reputation as fish scout
Last Seen: Pedernales Wreck, Aruba
I am known for spotting things underwater, especially camouflaged critters. But on this trip my spouse found not one, but two octopi before I was barely even in the water. I will never hear the end of this one.

Larry, the vindictive lobster
When I think of Florida’s oceans, I think of yellow sugar sand beaches, blue crystal clear water, and red sunburned tourists. Little did I know that the Sunshine State is also a great place to die while diving (or snorkeling). I recently read an article on CDNN, the Cyber Diver News Network, which highlighted the unbelievable number of scuba deaths so far in 2009 in Florida. CDNN cited 24 scuba/snorkeling related deaths by July 30 of this year, which made me wonder: what the heck happened to all of these people? A summary:
Ways to die while scuba diving in Florida
Killer Crustaceans – Spiny lobster fishing season only lasts 2 days, but claims at least one death per year. This year it took two. Makes you wonder if the lobsters, who were in mourning for cousin Larry (not seen since last lobster fishing season,) embraced the revenge business this year.
Deadly Decompression – I’m not sure where these folks learned to scuba dive, but clearly the chapter on ascent rates and safety stops was ripped out of their training manual before the class started. Decompression sickness claimed several lives already this year.
Only the Lonely – Are people who visit Florida antisocial? An inordinate number of people seem to want to dive, and die, alone. A killer argument for why you should always dive with a buddy.
Wet Willie – There seems to be a misconception that armed with a snorkel or a scuba rig one can forgo the need to know how to swim or approach raging currents with abandon. Drowning seems to be a problem in Florida as well.
Hey! You Ran Me Over! – Blind Boater Crossing: Divers beware. Several divers and snorkelers met their end by meeting boats head on. Again, it’s a killer argument for carrying a safety sausage, salami, or other life-saving lunchmeat.
Though I jest, this is really a serious subject. Just a reminder on the life-saving benefits of common sense, solid skills, and a little scuba humility.
Although Hawaii offered so many things to do above the waves, we couldn’t visit without dipping into the vast, dark blue Pacific Ocean. Several years back a hotel on the Big Island noticed that the underwater running lights on their dock attracted plankton at night. In turn, the plankton party attracted fish that liked to eat plankton, most notably manta rays. Someone figured out that they sat on a gold mine, as the opportunity to see manta rays up close and personal is not a common occurrence, though many people would jump at the chance. And jump we did, right into a taxi that dropped us off at the doorstep of Hotel Ray.
The program and process for attracting the rays evolved over the years. The hotel replaced the dock running lights with powerful lights placed on the sea floor in about fifteen to twenty feet of water. The lights shone upwards towards the surface, creating illuminated water columns. The columns’ contrast to the dark surrounding water was in itself a sight to see, from the water as well as from the land.
Two types of people comprised the manta watcher group: snorkelers and divers. Snorkelers would float at the surface, looking down on the manta action. Divers would descend to the bottom, sitting on the sea floor to watch the excitement above. The tour leader instructed both groups to stay still, a tough task in the surging shallow waters. Fortunately, the night shone clear and the sea washed calm. To enter the water we would climb down the ladder at the dock’s end. What thoughtful mantas; they could not be more convenient.
The purpose of the lights was to entice the plankton into a condensed and tasty group. But, the lights could not do the job until the sun stopped performing its primary function. So, we sat on the beach and waited for an appropriate amount of darkness while our divemaster briefed us on the impending plankton palooza.
Manta rays are notoriously shy creatures,” he said. “Touching them could cause them to leave, so please look with your eyes, not with your hands. Although the moon is pretty bright tonight, it will be quite dark in the water if you are not near the lights. Stick to the group; no swimming off on your own. We would hate to have to feed you to the mantas for not following instructions,” he concluded with a smile. Some of the other tour members looked stricken. Perhaps he should have explained that mantas don’t eat people. Or, perhaps watching squirming tourists provided an enjoyable diversion for him. Surely the people in our group who were not knowledgeable about mantas would give him a big tip at the end of the night if they didn’t get consumed.
As darkness approached we made our way down the dock and off the ladder into the water. The divers entered first so we could descend to the bottom free of entangling snorkeler legs, arms, and rear ends. A staff member turned on the lights as we descended. The lighted streams looked like Bat Signals. I wondered if the beam’s middle held a black symbol in the shape of a manta.
The light attracted small fish in droves, perhaps out of curiosity. The water in the light columns began to look cloudy, a clear indicator that the plankton had arrived. Plankton, microscopic tasties that are the oceanic food chain’s building blocks, can’t be seen with the naked eye but large volumes of the critters create a milky haze. We waited for the mantas just like we had waited for the tuna when we went deep sea fishing. The Hawaiians sure possessed patience.
Then, a shadow passed through the light, blocking it momentarily. The shadow moved so fast I could not even tell the animal’s shape; it appeared and disappeared instantly. My adrenaline popped and my legs tensed as I strained to look all around from my kneeling position. I didn’t need to be a contortionist; soon the mantas flew through the water from all directions, swooping in and out of sight. As my eyes adjusted to their speed, I could make out their aerodynamic, triangular shape. Their bellies were white and reflected the light. I imagined it would be tougher for the snorkelers on the surface to see the rays since their backs were a dark color, enabling them to blend in with the shadowy water. The mantas fed with abandon, funneling plankton rich water into their gaping mouths.
After fifty minutes that flew by like five, the divemaster indicated it was time to ascend. Many of the snorkelers already returned to the dock, tired from keeping afloat. The divers were ready for another fifty, however, after enjoying their own version of theater in the round on the sandy bottom. The divemaster left the lights on to illuminate our way back to the dock. We followed the divemaster along the bottom the short distance to the ladder, ensuring we did not disturb the mantas that continued to feed.
The entire group gushed about the experience once we all surfaced and dried off. The mantas were beautiful and graceful and…sooo close. Hawaii offered a unique opportunity to easily see the animals. Last time they graced our presence Michael and I traveled thousands of miles to Bora Bora to see them. And as a bonus, the company that coordinated the Hawaiian event did a great job caring not only for the tourists, but also for the sea life. We recommended the experience highly to everyone we met on the remainder of our Big Island trip.
Call me a purist, but my idea of a great dive involves warm water, great visibility and plenty of sea life. There are those, however, who are looking for something a bit more…challenging. Thanks to an interesting article on webecoist.com, I’m now enlightened on some of the most bizarre dive sites on the planet. A sample:
Nuclear Missile Silo – Fortunately the US Government took the nukes with them when they abandoned the site located right in the heart of Texas. Now a technical diving training facility, this place boasts cold, dark water to a depth of 130 feet. Sure, you might start glowing in the dark after prolonged submersion, but hey, the fun is worth the radioactivity.
Giant Red Sea Hole – The coast of the East Sinai Peninsula contains a huge, water-filled vortex that reaches over 400 feet into the earth. Divers descend into the gloom to reach the hard-to-find passageway that connects the hole to the open ocean. The creepy-factor of the place is increased exponentially by the large number of makeshift monuments around the hole that honor all the people who have died while diving it. At this site you can come face to face with death, and find out what brand of BCD he uses.
Ammunitions Depository –Historically Thai people dumped ammunition in the Samaesan Hole. Now they dump divers there. You can have a real blast here diving to 300 feet amongst unexploded munitions. Though advertised as a perfect site for trimix training, I would challenge that the person who needs to hone their “deep diving with exploding bombs” skills probably needs to find a new job.

- Tasty!
Lobster prices are so low you can now afford to see them on your plate, as well as your dive. Due to successful conservation efforts, fishermen (lobsterpeople?) are witnessing record catches of the tasty crustaceans, who are multiplying faster than sea hares. But while supply is clawing its way to an all-time high, demand is falling faster than an unlatched weight belt. Economic challenges are squeezing a lemon over eating out and ordering high-priced meals. In addition, many companies that used to flash-freeze the snacks for transport and future use have reduced production or crawled out of business altogether. Butter up, bug!

Yap Manta Ray
Nomadic in nature and notoriously bubble-shy, Manta Rays are undoubtedly one of the most appreciated underwater sightings once you finally find one. There are, however, a few places in the world that can almost guarantee a manta sighting on any given dive.
Yap, Micronesia – This tiny Pacific island just north of the equator houses a resident colony of manta rays, a rare living situation for the animals. Check out Yap Diver’s blog that highlights pics from “Manta Fest” including one dive trip accompanied by a pod of Orcas. As a bonus, visitors to the island also get a unique top side cultural experience that frequently includes grass skirts, loincloths, and the use of huge wheels of stone money for barter.
Kona, Hawaii – This manta experience is decidedly more manmade, but no less exciting. Dive operators and hotels light up the waters off the Kona Coast at night, attracting swarms of plankton that, in turn, attract the manta rays. Divers and snorkelers alike hover in the water column, watching the giants glide and swoop as they feed. Check out Kona Honu Diver’s page for a cool video of what the dive actually looks like.
Atlanta, Georgia – On this trip you have a 100% chance of seeing not one manta, but two. If you buy tickets to the aquarium, that is. Whether you agree with the idea of aquariums or not, you have to admit that this place really has it all when it comes to sea life. The two mantas swim in a six million gallon exhibit next to four whale sharks, a handful of hammerheads, and a ton of other fish. Rumor has it that one of the rays likes to do flips out of the water at the surface, a rare treat for people on the Behind the Scenes tours.